Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 4 de 4
Filter
Add filters








Language
Year range
1.
Acta cir. bras ; 37(1): e370105, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1364250

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate how the induction of liver damage by ischemia and reperfusion affects the adipose tissue of lean and obese mice. Methods: Lean and diet-induced obese mice were subjected to liver ischemia (30 min) followed by 6 h of reperfusion. The vascular stromal fraction of visceral adipose tissue was analyzed by cytometry, and gene expression was evaluated by an Array assay and by RT-qPCR. Intestinal permeability was assessed by oral administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and endotoxemia by serum endotoxin measurements using a limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Results: It was found that, after liver ischemia and reperfusion, there is an infiltration of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, as well as an increase in the gene expression that encode cytokines, chemokines and their receptors in the visceral adipose tissue of lean mice. This inflammatory response was associated with the presence of endotoxemia in lean mice. However, these changes were not observed in the visceral adipose tissue of obese mice. Conclusions: Liver ischemia and reperfusion induce an acute inflammatory response in adipose tissue of lean mice characterized by an intense chemokine induction and leukocyte infiltration; however, inflammatory alterations are already present at baseline in the obese adipose tissue and liver ischemia and reperfusion do not injure further.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Reperfusion Injury/veterinary , Interleukin-6 , Endotoxins/analysis , Intra-Abdominal Fat/physiopathology , Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors/analysis
2.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 51(4): 302-308, Oct-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-732199

ABSTRACT

Context Intestinal inflammation can induce a local reduction in oxygen levels that triggers an adaptive response centered on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Nitric oxide, a well-described inflammatory mediator, may interfere with hypoxia signaling. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the role of nitric oxide in hypoxia signaling during colonic inflammation. Methods Colitis was induced by single (acute) or repeated (reactivated colitis) trinitrobenzenosulfonic acid administration in rats. In addition, one group of rats with reactivated colitis was also treated with Nw-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride to block nitric oxide synthase. Colitis was assessed by macroscopic score and myeloperoxidase activity in the colon samples. Hypoxia was determined using the oxygen-dependent probe, pimonidazole. The expression of HIF-1α and HIF-induced factors (vascular endothelial growth factor - VEGF and apelin) was assessed using Western blotting. Results The single or repeated administration of trinitrobenzenosulfonic acid to rats induced colitis which was characterized by a high macroscopic score and myeloperoxidase activity. Hypoxia was observed with both protocols. During acute colitis, HIF-1α expression was not increased, but VEGF and apelin were increased. HIF-1α expression was inhibited during reactivated colitis, and VEGF and apelin were not increased. Nw-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride blockade during reactivated colitis restored HIF-1α, VEGF and apelin expression. Conclusions Nitric oxide could interfere with hypoxia signaling during reactivated colitis inflammation modifying the expression of proteins regulated by HIF-1α. .


Contexto A inflamação intestinal pode induzir uma redução local nos níveis de oxigênio e ativar uma resposta adaptativa relacionada à expressão de fatores induzíveis por hipóxia (HIFs). O óxido nítrico, um mediador inflamatório bem descrito, pode interferir com a sinalização de hipóxia. Objetivos O objetivo foi avaliar o papel do óxido nítrico na sinalização de hipóxia durante a inflamação colônica. Métodos A colite foi induzida em ratos pela administração única (aguda) ou repetida (com reativações) de ácido trinitrobenzenosulfônico. Adicionalmente, um grupo de ratos de colite com reativações foi também tratado com Nw-Nitro-L-arginina metil éster para inibir a óxido nítrico sintase. A colite foi avaliada através do escore macroscópico e da atividade de mieloperoxidase em amostras de cólon. A hipóxia foi determinada usando uma sonda dependente de oxigênio, o pimonidazol. A expressão de HIF-1α e de fatores induzidos pelo HIF (factor de crescimento endotelial vascular - VEGF e apelina) foi avaliada pela técnica de Western blotting. Resultados A administração única ou repetida de ácido trinitrobenzenosulfônico a ratos induziu colite que foi caracterizada por um alto escore macroscópico e alta atividade de mieloperoxidase. Hipóxia foi observada em ambos os protocolos. Durante a colite aguda, a expressão de HIF-1α não aumentou, enquanto a de VEGF e apelina aumentou. A expressão de HIF-1α esteve inibida durante a colite com reativações e, a expressão de VEGF e apelina não se modificou. O bloqueio com Nw-Nitro-L-arginina metil éster durante a colite com reativações restabeleceu a expressão de HIF-1α, VEGF e ...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Colitis/metabolism , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Colitis/chemically induced , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/analysis , Nitric Oxide/analysis , Rats, Wistar
3.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-691770

ABSTRACT

Ibuprofen is widely commercialized in racemic form. Although metabolic chiral inversion occurs through the conversion of R(-)-ibuprofen to S(+)-ibuprofen and the latter enantiomer is considered the active form, clinical trials involving the administration of a racemate to S-enantiomer dosage ratio of 1:0.5 have demonstrated that S(+)-ibuprofen is as efficacious as the racemic formulation. Moreover, the R(-)-enantiomer has been implicated in adverse gastrointestinal effects found with the racemic form, but the mechanisms involved in this process are not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a racemate to S(+)-ibuprofen dosage ratio of 1:0.5 using the carrageenan air pouch model of inflammation and determine both ulcerogenic activity and the chiral conversion rate in rats. An in vitro study of the cytotoxicity of racemate and S(+)-ibuprofen in gastric cells was also performed. Although the plasma level of S(+)-ibuprofen was raised after racemate administration, no significant difference was found in anti-inflammatory activity, as assessed by exudate formation, PGE2 production and leukocyte migration to the air pouches. Fewer gastric lesions were found after S(+)-ibuprofen administration, despite the low gastric PGE2 content. In the in vitro study, the racemic compound proved more cytotoxic than S(+)-ibuprofen. The present findings suggest that the S-enantiomer of ibuprofen could be considered a therapeutic alternative to minimize gastrointestinal side effects, since the chiral inversion of R(-)-ibuprofen to S(+)-ibuprofen did not result in an improved anti-inflammatory response.


O Ibuprofeno é normalmente comercializado na forma racêmica. Embora ocorra inversão quiral convertendo a forma R(-)- em S(+)-ibuprofeno e, a última seja considerada a forma ativa, a administração da proporção 1:0,5 (racemato: S-enantiômero) demonstrou que o S(+)-ibuprofeno é mais eficaz que a formulação racêmica. Adicionalmente, o R(-)-enantiômero está envolvido nos efeitos adversos gastrintestinais descritos para a formulação racêmica, embora os mecanismos não sejam complemente compreendidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antiinflamatória da proporção 1:0,5 (racemato:S-ibuprofeno) utilizando o modelo experimental de bolsa de ar, a atividade ulcerogênica e a taxa de conversão quiral em ratos. Também estudamos in vitro, a citotoxicidade provocada pelo racemato e S(+)-ibuprofeno em células gástricas. Embora os níveis plasmáticos de S(+)-ibuprofeno tenham aumentado após a administração do racemato, a atividade antiinflamatória avaliada pela formação de exsudato, produção de PGE2 e migração de leucócitos para a bolsa de ar não foram diferentes. As lesões gástricas foram reduzidas após a administração de S(+)-ibuprofeno, apesar da inibição de PGE2 gástrica. In vitro, o composto racêmico foi mais citotóxico que o S(+)-ibuprofeno. Nossos resultados sugerem que o S-enantiômero do ibuprofeno pode ser considerado uma alternativa terapêutica visando a redução dos efeitos colaterais gastrintestinais, visto que a inversão quiral do R(-)- para o S(+)-ibuprofeno não resultou em melhora do efeito antiinflamatório observado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Dinoprostone , Ibuprofen/administration & dosage , Ibuprofen/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy
4.
Acta cir. bras ; 25(5): 387-395, Sept.-Oct. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-558723

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Quantify the levels of oxidative DNA damage of epithelial colon cells comparing segments with and without fecal stream. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were subjected to deviation of fecal stream by proximal colostomy and a distal mucosal fistula. Animals were divided into three experimental groups that were sacrificed 6, 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. In each experimental group, five animals underwent laparotomy without intestinal deviation (sham subgroup). The diagnosis of colitis was made by histopathological analysis and the inflammatory activity index by graduated scale. The neutrophil infiltration was determined by myeloperoxidase tissue levels and the intensity of oxidative DNA damage by comet assay. The Mann-Withney and Student t test were used to compare the results among experimental subgroups and the Kruskal-Wallis test for variance analysis, adopting a significance level of 5 percent (p<0.05). RESULTS: Colon segments without fecal stream was shown higher histological inflammatory score of the colon wall after 12 and 24 weeks (p=0.001) that increased with the time of diversion (p=0.01). The activity of myeloperoxidase in segments without fecal stream decreased with the time (p=0.001). Oxidative DNA damage levels were significantly higher in the segments without fecal stream, (p=0.0001), independent of time of colon diversion, and increase with the time (p=0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Colon segments without fecal stream showed high levels of oxidative DNA damage related to histological alterations observed in diversion colitis. The levels of oxidative DNA damage in segments devoid of the fecal stream increase with the time of intestinal exclusion.


OBJETIVO: Quantificar os níveis de dano oxidativo ao DNA em células epiteliais da mucosa cólica comparando segmentos com e sem trânsito fecal. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos Wistar foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito intestinal por colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais segundo terem sido sacrificados 6, 12 e 24 semanas após a cirurgia. Em cada grupo experimental, cinco animais foram submetidos à laparotomia isolada sem derivação fecal (grupo sham). O diagnóstico de colite foi estabelecido por análise histopatológica e o índice de atividade inflamatória por escala graduada. A infiltração neutrofílica foi determinada pelos níveis teciduais da mieloperoxidase e a intensidade do dano oxidativo ao DNA pelo ensaio em cometa. Utilizaram-se os testes de Mann-Withney e o teste t de Student para comparar os resultados encontrados entre os subgrupos experimentais e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis para análise de variância, adotando-se nível de significância de 5 por cento (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Os segmentos cólicos, sem trânsito fecal apresentaram maior escore histológico de inflamação após 12 e 24 semanas (p=0,001), que aumentou com o tempo de derivação (p=0,01). A atividade da mieloperoxidase nos segmentos sem trânsito fecal diminuiu com o progredir do tempo (p=0,001). Os níveis de dano oxidativo ao DNA foram significativamente maiores nos segmentos sem trânsito fecal (p=0,0001), independente do tempo de exclusão considerado, aumentando com o progredir do tempo de exclusão (p = 0,0007). CONCLUSÕES: Segmentos cólicos desprovidos de trânsito fecal apresentam níveis elevados de dano oxidativo ao DNA relacionados às alterações histológicas observadas na colite de exclusão. Os níveis de dano oxidativo ao DNA nos segmentos desprovidos de trânsito fecal aumentam com o decorrer do tempo de exclusão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Colitis/genetics , DNA Damage , Feces , Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Colitis/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Free Radicals/analysis , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Peroxidase/analysis , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL